Showing posts with label cave. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cave. Show all posts

Monday, November 13, 2023

LASCAUX CAVES, DORDOGNE, FRANCE: A Treasure House of Prehistoric Art, Guest Post by Susan Kean

Lascaux Caves, Dordogne, France.

My friend Susan Kean and her partner George recently went on a driving trip from Lisbon in Portugal, through Spain, to the Dordogne region in the South of France, where they visited friends and toured the countryside, including a visit to the famous painted caves of Lascaux (a replica). Susan has graciously agreed to share her photos with The Intrepid Tourist. I have divided them into three sections, starting with the first leg of the trip, Lisbon to the Pyrenees; the second, sightseeing in the Dordogne; the third, a visit to the Lascaux Caves. Susan writes:

Area of the original cave.

We visited the Lascaux caves on the 3rd day of our visit to Dordogne. 
We were early for the English language tour so walked around the area of the original cave

Using candlelight to see the paintings on the ceiling.

Four teenagers discovered the caves in 1940. They are full of ancient wall paintings (600 or more) that are over 20,000 years old. 

Diagram of Lascaux Caves.
The paintings are primarily of horses, aurochs (an extinct type of large ox) and various other animals. As there are virtually no pictures of humans (except one horse with a human head) it is thought that the paintings were of religious significance. They are are also thought to be the combined painting efforts of several generations.

Exiting the reconstructed cave.

The original cave was closed in 1963 because the visitor traffic caused enormous deterioration of the bright colors of the paintings. Two amazing replicas have been built and are well worth a visit. Lascaux 2 is on the original site. Lascaux 4 is very recent recreation with a large museum, large gift shop and restaurant. I’m glad we saw both. However, I liked Lascaux 2 best as it is the location of the original cave.

Painted auroch.

The tour guide explained how they got the primitive colors. They used Magnesium for black which is different than the usual charcoal. If they had used charcoal the paintings would be have been easier to date. Apparently the diet of the people was primarily reindeer. No reindeer appear in the paintings.

Lastly we visited Thot park where more recent versions of the animals from the area can be seen.

Thot Park reindeer.

The Thot park recent ox are much smaller than the extinct wild ox (auroch) as displayed in the cave paintings.

Thot Park ox.

Previous posts about Susan's trip:

    ROAD TRIP: LISBON TO THE PYRENNEES, October 30, 2023

    ROAD TRIP: THE BEAUTIFUL DORDOGNE REGION OF FRANCE, November 6, 2023



Monday, July 20, 2020

HIKING IN THÓRSMÖRK, ICELAND: WHY AND HOW, Guest post by Caroline Hatton



Thórsmörk, Iceland, is an enchanted place, including for knee-high folk, such as those seen in front of this mini cottage.

My friend and fellow children’s book author Caroline Hatton visited Iceland in June 2019. She took all the photos in this post, which she wrote to help others decide whether to visit Thórsmörk.

Thórsmörk is for hikers who love varied, dramatic mountain scenery contrasting with fairytale woods. The name (spelled Þórsmörk in Icelandic) means the woods of Thor (spelled Þór in Icelandic), the mighty hammer-wielding god of thunder in Norse paganism. I guess even such an awesome dude needs to indulge in daydreaming once in a while.*

Visitors can hike up to viewpoints and caves, across meadows and woodland, or start multi-day backpacking trips, for example, to the multicolor mountains of Landmannalaugar, and find peace in the wild (if you ask me), or great parties (if you ask the students who come in July).
Thórsmörk is a nature reserve accessible year-round. NASA image with red and white added
I knew better than to go to Iceland in July or August, during over tourism season, or on a weekend to a location only two and a half hours from the Reykjavik area, where nearly two-thirds of all Icelanders live. So I planned to go to Thórsmörk on a June Monday. My husband and I stayed there one night to experience at least one evening and one morning. We were almost the only ones there!

The drive to Thórsmörk requires leaving the excellent Ring Road (= Route 1) and turning onto road 249, which soon becomes F249 where the pavement ends, along with the permission to drive regular-size rental cars. No problem, since high clearance 4x4 buses go all the way, splashing across unpredictable, glacier run-off creeks and roaring rivers. Other options include booking a Super Jeep tour or renting a 4x4 and buying river crossing insurance (do they mean a life vest?).
 
Of the different bus companies, I chose Trex to maximize our time in Thórsmörk by arriving earlier on Monday and leaving later on Tuesday. The bus started in Reykjavik, but we boarded it at the last stop on the Ring Road, in the town of Hvolsvöllur where we could park a rental car overnight.

Our itinerary came together piece by piece.

Sunday:
- drive the rental car from Reykjavik to Hvolsvöllur
- stay overnight in or near Hvolsvöllur.
Monday:
- leave the car at the Lava Centre in Hvolsvöllur
- take the bus to Thórsmörk (from the “Hvolsvöllur N1 service station” to “Þórsmörk/Langidalur”)
- hike to Húsadalur Hut
- stay one night.
Tuesday:
- hike a different way back
- take the bus back
- stay overnight in or near Hvolsvöllur.

The easy hour-and-a-half drive from Reykjavik to Hvolsvöllur took us across landscapes as different as planets, from bleak barren black lava to luscious pastures rolling out of sight, dotted with toylike sheep, horses, and farmhouses.

At the Hvolsvöllur Lava Centre, we walked through the gift shop, noted the cafeteria menu, and skipped the interactive exhibition about volcanoes, earthquakes, and the geological formation of Iceland, because we wanted to stay outdoors. Yet, after a picnic lunch and long stroll on hills overlooking farmland, we enjoyed a deeply enriching visit to the Saga Centre, which houses exhibits about Njal’s Saga, a true story set in the vicinity. 

Late in the afternoon, we drove along country road 261 to Hotel Fljótshlíð at the sheep, goat, and horse farm where we had reserved a simple, impeccable room with private bathroom. There, we had a fine meal in a dining room with an antique tractor parked in the middle.

Before bedtime, we gathered the minimum belongings we would need while away for two days and one night at Thórsmörk in a reserved, private, heated room with a made-up bed and towels. Our day packs included warm layers, two lunches, one dinner, one breakfast, and snacks. It was Summer solstice time, so the sky barely dimmed at night. Thick rubber curtains kept the room dark enough to sleep, despite nameless pinhole constellations.

In the morning, fog hung down to the grass tips. We filled up at the breakfast buffet, starting with fresh fruit and skyr (Icelandic yogurt, pronounced skeer), then sampling every delicious bread and cheese.

The fog had lifted to the hilltops when we drove eight minutes back into Hvolsvöllur to park the car at the Lava Centre. Carrying only our day packs, we crossed the Ring Road to the N1 gas station, snack shop, and bus stop. Different bus companies’ timetables hung around the outside of the building, but the Trex bus didn’t stop near its signpost, so it was a good thing we saw it arrive.
The driver checked our tickets, prepurchased online from the U.S., against his tablet data, and we were off. Soon we turned into the parking lot of Seljalandsfoss, a waterfall often photographed, from the walking path behind it, for Iceland tourism ads. The bus made a stop, but no one was allowed to get off and back on. Anyone wishing to visit Seljalandsfoss should do it some other time. And even though buses to Thórsmörk stop at Seljalandsfoss, parking a car there overnight is not allowed.

The bus proceeded with ten passengers, leaving most of the 40 seats empty. “Seat belts on, please!” said the driver. “The road is bumpy!” But it really wasn’t. Seat belts must be to keep passengers from standing up to take photos, then falling over and hurting themselves.

On the right, where I sat glued to the window, hoping to see the Eyjafjallajökull icecap stretching to Thórsmörk, waterfalls trickled down black rocky slopes, while bright green grass crept up like velvety fuzz. On the left, a great braided river ran among gravel banks, gray on gray. The bus slowed down across water channels.

A five-minute stop near the tongue of the dirty gray Gígjökull glacier, which flows from the Eyjafjallajökull icecap, gave me time to correct my foldout map. I crossed out the terminal lagoon, wiped out in 2010 during the volcanic eruption that disrupted air traffic for days.

Our driver skipped the spur to the first of three Thórsmörk mountain-style huts, Básar (pronounced bow-sar), because no passenger was going there. We arrived early, around 11 a.m., at the Trex bus terminus, the second hut at Thórsmörk, Langidalur. Only a couple of monster-sized Super Jeeps had parked there.

After visiting the restroom (the first in an hour and a half), we proceeded up the gentle slope to the café, where we asked for a trail map before eating our own lunch on the terrace.
View from Valahnúkur (1502 ft ~458 m) of the Krossá glacial river, which drains the Mýrdalsjökull glacier (in the background clouds) and Eyjafjallajökull glacier (at right outside the photo).
Of the two trails across the mountain ridge to our hut, Húsadalur, we chose the longer, steeper one via the Valahnúkur 1502-ft (~458-m) mountaintop 360-degree viewpoint, less than a mile away but 1,500 feet up.

As a hiker with excellent boots, but a cranky disposition going down slopes due to challenges staying upright, I found the way down toward Húsadalur (the parts without wooden stair steps) difficult, steep, with loose slippery dirt. And it wasn’t even a rainy day.
Native Downy Birch trees (Betula pubescens), purple Wood Cranesbill (Geranium sylvaticum), and yellow Meadow Buttercups (Ranunculus acris)
As if to make up for the trouble, on the lower part of the slope nearing Húsadalur, the trail took us through the promised, charming birch woods. Trees are extra special in Iceland. After the Vikings settled the island in the 800s, they cut down most of the existing forests to convert them to pastures for livestock and to build homes and ships. So far a couple of generations of Icelanders have worked on reforesting the land. Government funding to plant trees should help with Iceland’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2040.

At Húsadalur we found a geothermal hot pond and associated small sauna, a main building with reception desk and restaurant, a community kitchen cabin, a shower and restroom building, an eight-private-room building with two shared bathrooms, a row of small cottages, shared mountain hut dormitories, and grassy grounds for glamping and camping. Cottages cause this writer delusions of grandeur, so I assessed their potential for a personal writing retreat. The front, big window of each cottage offered a view of the grassy tent area and hillside beyond, and the windowless back blocked the view of the snowy mountains across the river valley. That was backwards—not a good retreat location for me!
Our private room with shared bathroom was one of eight inside this hut.
We checked into our tiny, spotless room before walking upstream along the Markarfljót, the river on our side of the mountain ridge, first on the dike, then uphill on a trail marked by red-top wooden posts.
The Húsadalur Hut buildings, the mountain ridge between the Markarfljót (at right, not in photo) and Krossá (behind the ridge, not in photo) river valleys, and the Eyjafjallajökull icecap
The clouds dissipated, uncovering the gleaming Eyjafjallajökull icecap and the massively larger Mýrdalsjökull under blue skies. We would have missed all this beauty if we hadn’t planned to stay one night, because we would have been hiking back to the bus stop in a valley instead of lingering on hilltops.
Do you dare climb into the Sönghellir Cave and sing?
After walking back, past the hut, we climbed back up the ridge to the Sönghellir Cave, a rock cave that flatters anyone who dares to sing.
Cupboard made of repurposed crates with repurposed flatware hardware, in the community kitchen cabin.
At sundown, the wind dissuaded us from sitting at a picnic table, so we ate the cold dinner we had brought inside the kitchen cabin and took advantage of the free WiFi to find out that it would rain the next afternoon. That night we were the only guests in the eight-room building, so we did not share the two bathrooms down the hall—they were His and Hers.

In the morning, we checked out after breakfast and left one day pack at the desk before heading out. Along the trail, an information board reminded us that we were walking on the land of ice and fire. The photogenic Eyjafjallajökull and Mýrdalsjökull icecaps—guess why they rose where they did? Because snow piled on top of volcanoes. The map showed evacuation routes in case the Mýrdalsjökull volcano decided to erupt under its glacier, potentially causing cataclysmic meltwater floods. In 2010, the Eyjafjallajökull eruption triggered the flood that flushed out and filled with sediment the lagoon I had crossed out on my map. In Iceland, when glacier run-off water starts heating up, it’s actually not a good time to take a bath.

After lunch (guess where we ate), we hiked back to the Trex bus stop at Langidalur via the easier, shorter low-lying “Saddle” trail. Hut to hut, it took us half the time compared to the previous day. Best of all, an Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) dashed across our path, patchy brown and white like cow hide, molting from its winter to summer coat. Sorry, no photo!
The Storiendi Gully
Back at the bus stop with time to spare, we strolled around on short round-trips in different directions, over a wooden footbridge across one strand of the huge river braid, uphill on steep steps for one last, different view, and into a verdant woodsy creek gully where at every turn, I expected to find Thor reclining on a bed of buttercups, oozing poetry.*

On the 6 p.m. bus ride back with only six other passengers, we snacked and squinted at the rainy, blurry scenery, happy that we didn’t have to drive.
Solid “Icelandic fish stew” and Icelandic lamb soup at the Lava Centre.
Off the bus at 7:30 p.m., we had a steaming hot dinner in the bright, empty cafeteria at the Lava Centre. We shared traditional plokkfiskur, misleadingly labeled “Icelandic fish stew” because it was not a soup, but a solid casserole of mashed cod and potato with browned cheese on top, and Icelandic lamb soup, a bowl of diced veggies and a few tender lamb cubes in broth.

The farm where we had stayed before had no vacancy when I had made online reservations from the U.S., so we experienced equally warm hospitality at HótelSelið on another nearby farm, on road 264. But here, a short morning walk took us to an impossibly lovely, meandering ravine, with a singing creek fed by innumerable crystalline springs seeping out partway up the emerald slope, all flowing from the same height between unseen lava layers. I could have spent hours there!

Comparing other Iceland destinations to Thórsmörk,
- in Landmannalaugar, treeless multicolor mountains rise above chaotic black lava fields, within a half-day hike on a one-day roundtrip by bus, everywhere in the company of up to a hundred others,
- in Thingvellir, where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates keep pulling apart in a miles-wide valley, Iceland’s history and identity was shaped by general assemblies,
- numerous waterfalls of gigantic to miniature proportions and remarkable shapes dot the country’s map,
- and buttercups and geraniums also bloom in birch woods elsewhere, for example near the town of Egilsstaðir in far eastern Iceland,
…but in Thórsmörk, lava and ice sights, great rivers and tiny creeks, flat and steep walks, grand vistas and cozy forest spots are all within a few hiking steps from one another, and solitude and intimacy with nature are easier to find.

* Thórsmörk is named after Thor not because he likes to smell wildflowers, but because legend has it that he cracked the earth and created the spectacular contours of the land with a big whack of his hammer.

FOR MORE INFO

Read another post about South Iceland by Caroline Hatton, “IN THE LAND OF NJÁL’S SAGA IN ICELAND.”

Monday, June 17, 2019

SPRINGTIME IN SICILY, Part 3: Catania, Piazza Armerina, Agrigento and Mount Etna

Catania, Sicily. View from the rooftop patio of the Crociferi BandB.
At the end of May, Art and I took a two week trip to Sicily, staying in Palermo, Erice and Catania, and taking day trips to the ancient Greek ruins at Selinunte, Segesta and Agrigento and to the ancient Roman villa filled with mosaics at Piazza Armerina. The weather was warm, but not hot, and hillsides were covered with a host of wild flowers.  Here is the third of several reports of our trip.
 
For the last part of our trip to Sicily we were based in Catania, on the island’s east coast, traveling there by train from Palermo. We stayed in the Band B Crociferi, where we had the top floor suite with our own private patio and a stunning view of the city. (Climbing the stairs from the ground floor helped keep us fit for walking around the city!)
World War II Museum, Catania.Under the command of U.S. General George Patton and British General Bernard Montgomery, American, British and Canadian forces invaded Italy from North Africa on July 9, 1943. In just 38 days they had conquered all of Sicily.
During our first week in Sicily, the weather had been near perfect–sunny, blue skies and temperatures in the low seventies. But when we woke up on our first morning in Catania, the sky was grey and wet. We decided to head for the Museum of the Allied Landings in Sicily near the train and bus station, about a 20 minute walk in a light rain. The entire museum is dedicated to the American invasion of Sicily in 1943, which gave the Allies a foothold in Europe, ultimately leading to the end of the war. The first room of the museum is a recreation of a WW II Italian village and a docent gave an introduction to the museum (in Italian–we got a printout in English.) She then herded us into a dark bomb shelter where we sat on shaking benches while listening to the sound of bombs exploding (like a Disneyland ride) so we could experience what it would have been like to be in Sicily at the time.
Life size diorama of the signing of the armistice between Italy and the Allies, September 13, 1943
From there we made our way on our own through two floors of exhibits containing displays of photos, newspaper headlines, uniforms, letters, equipment, plus life-size dioramas--a meeting of Churchill and Roosevelt, signing of the Italian surrender, a Red Cross hospital tent, the inside of a bunker, and more. While most labels were only in Italian, each room had a panel of information translated into English.
Contact sheets of photos taken by Phil Stern of the Sicily campaign.
On the ground floor we discovered an exhibit of stunning photos by American photographer Phil Stern, who had landed with the troops. At age 93 (in 2013) he returned for the inauguration of the exhibit of his Sicily photos, now a permanent part of the museum.
Mosaics at Villa Romana de Casale in Piazza Armerina. The excellent condition of the mosaics is due to a landslide that sealed off the area for 600 years and protected the art. Excavations began in the 1930s. It is the largest collection of Roman floor mosaics ever found in situ. It is a World Heritage Site.
Before our trip we made the decision that we wouldn’t drive in Sicily, even though we typically rent a car when we go on vacation. But the reputation of crazy Italian drivers and the narrow cobblestone streets, built long before cars were ever invented, convinced us that we would be happier having someone else behind the wheel. So we arranged for a small group tour (there was only one other couple) to go to Piazza Armerina and Agrigento. Our guide, Carlo, was an excellent driver.
The most famous room at the Villa Romana shows “bikini girls”–female figures dressed for physical exercise.
We headed first to Piazza Armerina and the Villa Romana de Casale, nestled at the bottom of a valley about three miles from the town. Built in about A.D, 300 by a powerful Roman magistrate, its many spacious rooms are filled with lavish mosaics of people, animals, flowers, plants, that seem to go on forever as you make your way around the elevated walkways for a birds-eye view of the rooms. One long hallway is filled with depictions of animals from Africa, which were captured and brought to Sicily on their way to the Coliseum on Rome.
Lunch in the old town of Piazza Armerina
For lunch Carlo took us to a small wine shop, Siciliartegusto, in the old part of Piazza Armerina, where a Sicilian “snack” had been prepared for us–cold cuts, cheese, bread, focaccia, and arancini (a kind of filled rice croquette) along with red wine from grapes grown on the slopes of Mount Etna.

Agrigento. Temple of Concordia. Built in 435 B.C., this is one of the best preserved Greek temples in the world. A workman inside reveals the grand scale of the temple.
From Piazza Armerina it was about an hour and a half drive to Agrigento, another World Heritage Site, to see the Greek temple ruins. Called the Valley of the Temples, the ruins are actually on a hill and spread over many acres.

Temple of Juno. Yellow genestra flowers grow wild all over Sicily.
Carlo let us off at the highest point of the archeological park, and we walked downhill from there to meet him at another parking area at the other end. On our way we passed Greek ruins in various states of repair, early Christian burial caves, the house of English archeologist Alexander Hardcastle, and a herd of goats, a breed unique to Sicily.
As we walked across the loose lava it felt like a combination of moonscape and miracle of life, as we stepped around tiny plants taking a foothold in the mineral rich lava. (Note the tiny figures on the far rim.)
The next morning we went on another small group tour, this time to Mount Etna. Marco was our driver and guide. We stopped to pick up lunch food in the town of Zafferena, and then went to the north side of the mountain–which according to Marco had better weather and was less crowded. We took a relatively short walk to climb one of the cinder cones, then stopped to see where a recent lava flow had engulfed a hotel, and finally, after eating our picnic lunch, toured a lava cave.

Interior of Chiesa di San Francesco Borgia on Via Crociferi
Our last day in Sicily was devoted to sightseeing in Catania. On our way down Via Crociferi (a Unesco Heritage site, named for the several churches that line the street), we stopped at the Chiesa di San Francesco Borgia to see a display of liturgical silver and to admire the complex colored marble inlay of the walls, floors, altars, etc.--the Baroque version of Byzantine mosaics--and the soaring painting on the inside of the dome.
The elephant with an Egyptian obelisk on its back is the symbol of Catania. It sits at the center of Piazza del Duomo.
From there we went to the piazza in front of the Duomo and took a brief look at the cathedral--all white stone on the inside..
Dried beans and nuts at the Catania fish market.
After a wander through the fish and produce market, we headed to the Teatro Romano, a Greek open air theater rebuilt in Roman times and which includes the renovation of a 19th century house that had been incorporated into one of the ancient walls.
Teatro Romano with the bell towers of the Duoma visible behind.
Then, after a pizza lunch at an outdoor café, we walked up the main street, Via Etna, looking for souvenirs at the market stalls along the side streets–buying some pistachio paste, saffron marmalade and a small ceramic box.
Fruit stand with oranges and pomegranates at Piazza Mazzini. On one corner is an outdoor cafe, Trattoria Enoteca, where we ate lunch under the colonnade.
In our two weeks in Sicily we got a taste of its many layers of history, the variety of its landscape, and, of course, the wealth of its delicious food. As our plane took off from the Catania airport as we headed home, we got a good view of Mount Etna towering over the city. Just three days later, the top of Etna erupted, spewing fiery lava into the air. In some ways, we wished we had been there  to see it in person. But in other ways we were glad we were safe back in Los Angeles.
Mount Etna, May 28, 2019.  Smoke is hovering over the crater and patches of snow from the previous winter still cling to its sides.